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Knoxville DUI Lawyers

1. Ogle, Elrod & Baril: Tennessee Criminal Defense Attorney Our criminal-justice system can be overwhelming and frightening. The United States' incarceration rate is much higher than that of other industrialized countries. Prison sentences are getting longer and more frequent. If you face the possibility of being accused of a crime, contact an experienced criminal-defense lawyer as early in the process as possible, preferably even before questioning or investigation. A skilled Tennessee criminal defense lawyer can fight for your legal and constitutional rights. Because the negative behavior regulated by the criminal laws varies from relatively minor to devastatingly violent, crimes are classified into levels or degrees. The classification of a crime reflects its seriousness. If you face questioning or arrest or are accused of a crime, you should consult an experienced attorney as early in the process as possible for help protecting your legal and constitutional rights. A Tennessee criminal defense lawyer can explain the particular crime involved and its possible ramifications. Felonies The most serious crimes are felonies, which are typically either particularly heinous, involve dangerous weapons or threaten relatively high amounts of financial damage or harm to property. Traditionally, felonies are punishable by either confinement for a year or longer, usually in a penitentiary or similarly secure facility, or by the death penalty. ¥ Examples are murder, treason, rape, arson, burglary or kidnapping. ¥ For federal felonies, defendants have the right to be charged only by a grand jury. This right varies for state felonies. ¥ Because of the seriousness of the offense and the punishment, maximum safeguards for the defendant's rights are built into the prosecution and court procedures. ¥ In addition to social stigma, long-term consequences may include the loss of the right to vote; ineligibility for elected office or professional licenses; restrictions on the right to possess weapons; ineligibility for housing, public benefits, educational benefits or certain jobs; immigration problems; loss of the right to serve as a juror; negative impact on parental rights or divorce proceedings; or the requirement to register with certain criminal registries. ¥ Persons accused of felonies have the right to jury trials. Drunk Driving & Traffic Defense A DUI or traffic charge can impede your rights to drive, force you to pay excessive fines, or even land you in jail. When you are charged with a DUI, or traffic offense, it is critical that you be represented by a serious and effective Tennessee drunk-driving defense team.
2. Jeffress, Leslie: Being charged with a drunk driving offense can be a frightening and confusing experience. You may have never been arrested before or don't know what comes next. If you have been arrested for DUI/DWI, you need a lawyer who will fight to help you limit the harm. In Tennessee, DUI penalties vary depending on the number of offenses you have been convicted of. The penalties increase with each conviction. Minimum penalties are: * First offense Ñ $350 fine, two days in jail and a year-long license suspension. * Second offense Ñ $600 fine, 45 days in jail, plus a two year-long license suspension. * Third offense Ñ $1100 fine, 120 days in jail and 3- to 10-year license suspension. * Fourth offense Ñ possible felony charges, $3,000 fine, a mandatory 150 days in jail, five-year license revocation. Additionally, you can be declared a habitual motor vehicle offender (HMVO) which can cause you to lose your license indefinitely.
3. Johnson, Kelly: Being charged with driving under the influence (DUI) is a serious event in your life. Knoxville DUI charges The consequences of a DUI arrest in Knoxville are not to be taken lightly. A Knoxville DUI arrest may even jeopardize future employment. You need to contact an attorney familiar with DUI laws in Knoxville. Blood alcohol count During a Knoxville DUI stop, if you have a blood alcohol count (BAC) of .08 or higher and are operating a vehicle, you are considered DUI. According to the Tennessee Department of Safety, as a Knoxville DUI offender you may be put in jail, lose your driving privileges, and be ordered to pay restitution to persons who suffered personal injury or personal loss. Drunk Driving DUI penalties You can refuse a BAC test. If you do, you risk: * Revocation of your driving license for a year on your first offense * Two years revocation on your second offense If you submit to a BAC test and are convicted of a Knoxville DUI first offense, the penalties you may be subjected to are: * Jail time of 48 hours minimum * Your license may be revoked for one year * Fines of $350 minimum * Required attendance at DUI school * Judge-ordered installation of a vehicle ignition interlock device at your own expense Knoxville DUI second offense conviction penalties include: * Longer jail time: 45 days minimum * License revoked for two years * Larger fines * Seizure of your car * DUI school * Judge-ordered installation of a vehicle ignition interlock device at your own expense * Second DUI conviction in five years, the ignition interlock device in place six months after you are reinstated A Knoxville DUI third offense conviction has progressively stronger penalties including: * Even longer jail time: 120 days minimum * Your license may be revoked for three to ten years * Even larger fines: $1,100 minimum * Seizure of your car * DUI school * Vehicle ignition interlock device at your own expenseÑsame as second offense A Knoxville DUI fourth offense has consequences that are even more severe: * Class E Felony charge * One year minimum jail time * License revoked 5 years * Fines $1,100 minimum * Vehicle seizure * DUI school * Vehicle ignition interlock device, same as second and third offense Importance of legal help As you can see, you have a lot to lose. It is crucial to seek the Knoxville DUI help of an experienced lawyer. Look for an attorney with a thorough understanding of the DUI laws in Knoxville. An experienced DUI attorney may be able to get the penalties reduced.
4. Sams Law Firm: criminal law, including DUIs, PIs, Simple Possessions, Felony charges (all types), and file & argue Petitions for Post-Conviction Relief (PCRs) for prisoners within the Tennessee Department of Corrections' system
5. Pryor, Flynn, Priest & Harber: ny law firm with a criminal defense capacity will help individuals facing drunk driving charges. Criminal defense abilities between firms, however, vary widely. Before entrusting your criminal record and driving privileges to any attorney, first ask yourself: * Does the attorney conduct thorough investigations? * Has the attorney handled hundreds of DUI/DWI cases? * Is the attorney a member of the Tennessee and national Associations of Criminal Defense Lawyers?
6. Looper, Patrick: In Tennessee, the penalties for DUI and drug offenses can be strict. Every DUI offense, even a first-time offense, carries the possibility of jail time and the loss of your driving privileges. Multiple offenses will put you in jeopardy of being classified as a habitual motor vehicle offender. If you are arrested for a DUI in Tennessee, or are charged with a drug crime from simple possession to more severe drug charges, you will need to protect your future and your freedom by hiring an experienced criminal defense lawyer.
7. Houston, Ben: Criminal Defense/DUI/Drug-Related Crimes
8. Roper, John: DUI, DWI, speeding, reckless driving, proof of insurance issues, and violations under the financial responsibility law
9. Rodgers, Kit: * All motor vehicle offenses, including DUI (Driving Under the Influence) * Criminal appeals * Domestic violence * Drug crimes * Federal crimes * Murder/manslaughter * Probation violations * Sex crimes * Theft * Violent crimes * White collar crime * Much more
10. Reagan, Randall: Any DUI/DWI conviction will have a serious impact on your life, including mandatory jail time, the loss of your driving privileges and thousands of dollars in fines, court costs, and much higher insurance premiums. Other consequences include damage to your reputation in the community, the loss of your professional license and the possibility of spending the rest of your life feeling embarrassed every time you come to the question: Have you ever been convicted of a crime? Yes or No? Drunk Driving: Did You Know? * A first DUI conviction in Tennessee can result in a jail term of up to 11 months and 29 days. You can be fined from $350 to $1,500, and loss of your driver's license for one year. You may also be required to perform public service work in addition to these penalties. Subsequent offenses result in more serious consequences. A fourth or subsequent DUI conviction is a felony and can result in a prison term of up to six years and a fine of $15,000. No matter what a blood or breath test indicates, do not be discouraged to the point where you decide nothing can be done and that you might as well throw yourself at the mercy of the prosecutor. The truth is that there can be serious problems with testing procedures, machines and the analyses of test samples. An experienced attorney ... can raise these issues effectively and improve your chances of seeing the charges against you dropped or reduced.
11. Schwartz, Allen: If you were arrested or a family member was charged with driving under the influence (DUI), there may be serious consequences without the help of an effective and experienced DUI defense attorney. * Challenge an illegal stop Ñ My rule of thumb is that if I can prove that the police pulled you over without proper cause, the case is almost always over at that point. Result: charges dropped. * Challenge breathalyzer and blood test results Ñ Breathalyzers and other methods of measuring blood alcohol content are notoriously unreliable and can be challenged. If there is no proof you exceeded the legal limit of blood alcohol, there is often no case. Result: charges dropped or reduced. * Challenge the video Ñ At a stop, the police officer says you did badly on a field sobriety test but the arrest or jail intake video shows otherwise. Result: case dismissed.
12. Gardiner, Grace: Mention DUI Defenders and get up to 10% discount. (Some firms may not honor this offer) expose the flaws in the evidence...
13. Eldridge & Blakeney: Whether you are officially charged or indicted, or you are the target of an investigation or grand jury inquiry, you need the advice and guidance of an experienced criminal litigator.
14. McKeller Roskind: Tennessee is one of the leading states in DUI and DWI crackdown. A DUI conviction can wreak havoc with your life, incuding your ability to earn a living. And depending on your criminal and driving history, you could be faced with car forfeiture and even prison time. DUI cases are typically harder to defend than other criminal cases because it entails a police officer's direct observation, bolstered in many cases by chemical testing. This is where experience can make or break your case. You need a qualified defense attorney to protect your rights and get the best possible outcome for you.
15. Lomonaco, Phillip: Miranda Rights The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees that no individual accused of a crime can be coerced or forced to testify or incriminate himself. This means that an individual does not have to talk about any potential charges against him to authorities. Frequently, when people are arrested, they are concerned because they were not read "their rights." The rights of which they are speaking are the right to remain silent and the right to be told that anything they say can and will be used against them in a criminal prosecution. An individual also has a right to a lawyer and if the individual cannot afford a lawyer, one will be appointed to represent him at no charge. These are the basic Miranda rights. Many times people are arrested and they are not given or read their Miranda rights. Basically, Miranda rights are designed to protect an individual from incriminating himself. This means a person cannot be forced to confess. However, many times the police are not concerned with what a person will say and therefore they do not read the person his Miranda rights. It is only when a person is being interrogated while in police custody that the rights are important and applied. If a person volunteers information without being asked, then the rights do not apply. If a person is interrogated while in custody and asked questions about the offense, then that person's statements cannot be used against him if he has not been read his rights first.
16. Garza Law Firm: You have constitutional rights that are designed to protect you. If you or someone you know has been charged with a crime or is even suspected of committing a crime, you should contact a criminal defense lawyer or criminal defense attorney immediately before making any important decisions.
17. Daniel & English: All persons who are charged with a criminal offense have the right to be represented by an attorney. In fact, this is so important it is guaranteed by both the State and Federal Constitutions. Criminal offenses fall into two categories -- Misdemeanors and Felonies. At the State level, misdemeanor offenses carry a punishment of up to 11 months and 29 days. By contrast, punishment for a felony ranges from one year to life in prison to the death penalty. Examples of some common misdemeanors are Shoplifting, Driving Under the Influence, Simple Assault, and Simple Possession of a narcotic. To prepare your defense, it is important for you to know the elements of the offense, the legal defenses which may apply, and the procedure of the criminal justice system. A DUI in Tennessee is a serious offense. It can have a negative impact on your job, family, and privilege to drive. Having the The Knoxville Tennessee DUI lawyers at Daniel & English can have a major impact on how your DUI is resolved. With several years of Criminal and DUI defense experience in Knoxville and East Tennessee; The Daniel & English Law Firm is the Knoxville TN Law Firm of choice to handle your DUI case with aggressive skill while making sure that your rights are upheld. We invite you to take advantage of our initial free consultation to evaluate your case and answer your questions. WE DONÕT JUDGE YOU, WE DEFEND YOU. 1) What is a DUI? In Tennessee, an individual may not drive or be in control of a vehicle if the blood alcohol content is .08 or more. It takes very little to achieve a blood-alcohol level in violation of law. 2) Should I take the breath test? If you have had no alcohol, the test will prove you have not exceeded the state limits. If you question how much alcohol you have consumed, the breath test may prove disappointing for you. Because of the accuracy of the machines, they are presumed to be accurate and .08 blood alcohol level will get you arrested. You may choose not to blow. Understand that failing to take the breath test as requested by an officer with probable cause, may suspend your license for a period of one year. 3) Can I get a restricted license? A restricted license is available to first offenders ONLY. If you have a DUI conviction on your record and plead to a second first-offense DUI, you are not eligible for a restricted license during your year of probation but the 2nd year of suspension is eligible for a restricted license. Failure to take the breathalyzer test may suspend your license for one year but one is eligible for a restricted license. Third and subsequent DUI convictions are not eligible for a restricted license of any kind. 4) What are DUI penalties? 1st Offense: 11/29 in jail, suspended, all but 48 hours (24 hours jail/24 hours trash pick-up), 11 months/29 days probation, $350.00 fine, alcohol safety school, various other probation responsibilities, loss of license for one year and court costs. 2nd Offense: 11/29 in jail, suspended, all but 45 days, day-for-day (maybe eligible for work release), 11 months/29 days probation, $600.00 fine, alcohol safety school with extensive probation officer responsibilities, loss of license for two years and court costs. 3rd Offense: 11/29 in jail, suspended, all but 120 days (no work release), 11 months/29 days probation, $1100.00 fine, alcohol safety school, extensive probation responsibilities, loss of license for three years and court costs. 4th Offense: AN ÒEÓ FELONY WITH ANTICIPATED JAIL TIME.
18. Stephen Burroughs: Today, the penalties for driving while intoxicated in Tennessee have never been more severe. For example, DUI is the only misdemeanor criminal offense which absolutely requires that a person convicted receive jail time, rather than allow for full probation. In addition, a person who is convicted of their first offense of DUI will lose their license for one year, face a minimum fine of $350, have to attend and pay for DUI school and pay court costs, among other penalties and consequences. Many DUI cases that seem hopeless at first glance can be won. Just because someone had a breath test that was over the legal limit or admitted to drinking and driving does not necessarily mean that the State will be able to prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt. DUI cases are highly complex and require an experienced attorney who is familiar with all procedures used by the government in such cases.
19. Baker Associates: In recent years, the Sevierville Police Department has moved towards exclusively using blood tests in their DUI investigations. The Sevierville Police Department has been very reliable in capturing most of their DUI investigations on video camera recorded from their patrol cars. The Sevierville DUI officers are well trained in the administration of the Standardized Field Sobriety Test. As most other Tennessee DUI investigators, the Sevierville DUI officers use the SFST to build probable cause for the arrest of a DUI suspect. Once the SFST is completed, the officer will make the arrest and request that the DUI suspect give consent for the officer to have blood collected from the DUI suspect for alcohol and drug testing. Pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated 55-10-406, the Sevierville DUI officer may ask the DUI suspect for a blood sample to be tested for the presence of alcohol and drug. If the DUI suspect gives consent to have blood collected, the Sevierville DUI officer will transport the individual to Fort Sanders Sevier Medical Center in Sevierville, Tennessee for collection of a blood sample. If the Sevierville DUI officer chooses to collect a breath sample from the DUI suspect, the office will conduct the examination on the Sevier County Sheriff Department's breath testing device at the Sevier County Jail. In the case of a first offense DUI in Sevierville, Tennessee, the DUI suspect will be charged and a bond set by a judge or magistrate. If the case does not involve an accident with injuries, a bond in the amount of $500 to $2,500.00 will normally be set. The DUI suspect will then be detained until the suspect is no longer a danger to him or herself. Because officers like the Sevierville DUI officers are becoming more proficient in their DUI investigations, it is important that a Sevierville attorney and Sevierville DUI lawyer stay apprised of the many challenges in Tennessee DUI cases. Tennessee DUI lawyers should be familiar with field sobriety testing, chemical tests for alcohol and drugs, and the many laws that govern the arrest and investigation of Tennessee DUI cases.
20. R. Alexander Brown: CRIMINAL DEFENSE at all levels in State and Federal Courts. Including DUI, Drug offenses, Conspiracy, Felons in Possession of a Firearm, Murder, Attempted Murder, Theft, Burglary, Robbery, Forgery, Bad Checks, Assaults, Arson, Evading Arrest, Aggravated offenses, Traffic Offenses, Public Intoxication, and others.
21. Joe Baker: The complexities of DUI cases are vast and the consequences serious. Individuals may be arrested, have their license suspended, have their vehicles impounded, and even go to jail. A successful resolution of their case relies on having a highly skilled attorney with the ability to construct an effective DUI defense. A lawyer in our Knoxville or Sevierville, Tennessee offices will first assess your case at a complimentary consultation and then give you a realistic assessment of the merits of your case
22. Hindman & Associates: A drunk driving conviction can affect you in more ways than immediately apparent. You may be faced with jail time, heavy fines, increased insurance premiums, and the loss of your driving privileges. These consequences affect not only you, but your family as well. Who will drive your kids to school? How will you get to work? Failure to retain a DUI attorney who will aggressively investigate your drunk driving charge could lead to a sentence of 11 months and 29 days in prison, even if this is your first offense. First time offenders also face a fine of up to $1500, are required to complete an alcohol and drug safety school program, and face a one-year drivers’ license suspension. No Pardons. No Free Passes. A DUI / DWI conviction will remain on your permanent record with no possibility for expungement. Individuals and institutions are able to view such records upon request, which can make it difficult for aspiring college students to get into a university and can limit the type of job you may be eligible for.
23. Robert Vogel: Whether you have been charged with a felony or a misdemeanor, you need to consult an experienced a criminal defense attorney.  A conviction for even a minor offense can lead to jail time, heavy fines, or both.  You need a law firm experienced in providing expert legal criminal defense that provide you with aggressive legal representation.
24. Parker & LaDuke:

    Driving Under the Influence (DUI / DWI)

    The blood alcohol level of 0.08 % is a crime in the state of Tennessee. It’s possible to reach that level with a few beers or a few shots while playing a game or two of pool with friends.

    A night on the town may be enjoyable, but the consequences of getting pulled over with a blood alcohol level of 0.08 or more can be severe.

    1. For a first DUI offense, you face a minimum of 48 hours in jail, loss of your license for a year, fines, and traffic school. 
    2. For a second DUI offense, you face a 45-day jail term, the loss of your license for three years, and fines. 
    3. If you are a professional driver or trucker, a DWI charge can put your job and livelihood on the line.
25. Robert Kurtz: If you have been charged with a crime you need an attorney to stand up and fight for you.
26. John Roper: Most traffic infractions or violations are strict-liability crimes, which means that no particular criminal intent is required to convict a person of the offense. The only proof needed is evidence that the person charged actually committed the prohibited act. Strict-liability traffic offenses typically include such violations as failure to use turn signals, failure to yield, turning into the wrong lane, driving a car with burned-out headlights, failure to use towbars when towing another vehicle, parking next to a yellow curb, parking in a handicap spot without the required permit, overdue parking meters, and exceeding the speed limit. Many jurisdictions provide for administrative processing of some or all of these traffic violations, thereby removing them from criminal court altogether. In those cases, an offender may not be subject to incarceration or large fines; on the other hand, neither is he or she entitled to such protections as a court-appointed lawyer or a jury trial. The fine for speeding tickets, however, can be quite high, based on the how fast the driver was going or their prior driving record. In addition, conviction of these traffic violations can have other, lasting impacts on a person's driving privileges and insurance rates.
27. James Bell: Citizens have a right to expect privacy in their homes, vehicles, and communications; a right not to be deprived of their liberty or property without due process of law; and a right to consult counsel of their choice without it being used against them. Citizens have the right to plead not guilty to their charges, and proceed to a trial by jury. Importantly, citizens also have a right to remain silent in the face of criminal investigation and prosecution. Should someone voluntarily waive their right to be free of self-incrimination, anything they say may be used against them, for investigation or prosecution. To obtain a criminal conviction against a citizen, the government must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The democratic process is furthered by the adversary system, and citizens have a right to confront the witnesses against them. Finally, any citizen convicted of wrongdoing has the right to just punishment. Dont forget: Every American citizen has as his or her birthright the constitutional protection of due process of law!
28. John Eldrige: Should I take a blood test? Should I take the breath alcohol test? It is an often asked question by citizens who are pulled over on a suspected DUI. The only certain answer is after you know the results! Only then will you know what the mechanical device says about the quantity of alcohol in your body. The amount of alcohol in your blood is a function of not only what you drink, but also, most importantly, your age, your size, your metabolism, and when you last ate. In Tennessee, beginning on July 1, 2003, the magic reading on the breath alcohol test (BAT) is .08; that is where the presumption arises that you are too intoxicated to drive. Breath tests (and to some extent blood tests) can be wrong. Frequent problem areas include the machine itself and the manner in which it is used on you. Your lawyer can get the facts and tell you if you are the victim of an inaccurate breath alcohol test reading. If you are convicted of first offense DUI in Tennessee, the minimum penalty is an 11 months and 29 day sentence with all but 2 days suspended, $350.00 fine, payment of court costs and loss of license for one year.
29. Lomonaco & Associates: DUI is shorthand for "Driving Under the Influence." A person is guilty of DUI if he or she drives or is in actual physical control of a motor vehicle and is under the influence of alcoholic beverages or any chemical or controlled substance to the extent that his or her mental faculties are impaired or when his or her blood alcohol level (BAC) is above the legal limit for the state.
30. Steve Oberman: Driving Under the Influence is the only crime for which an individual can be convicted solely on the opinion of a police officer. While most DUI offenses are classified as misdemeanors, the penalties for this crime are typically much more serious. Field sobriety tests have been around as long as the enforcement of DUI laws. For years, field sobriety tests varied among officers within the same law enforcement agency as well as from one agency to another. Field sobriety tests were limited only by the officers' collective imaginations. In the late 1970's the United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (hereinafter referred to as NHTSA), funded research to evaluate currently used physical coordination tests which were used to determine the relationship between intoxication and driving impairment, to develop more sensitive tests which would provide a reliable means of identifying persons with a blood alcohol level above the legal limit, and to standardize the tests. The researchers finally concluded that the three test battery, which included the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus, Walk-and-Turn, and One-Leg Stand, offered a reliable field sobriety testing procedure. The next step was to standardize these tests. Additional research was therefore conducted to complete the development and validation of this sobriety test battery and to assess the battery's feasibility in the field, as well as its effectiveness for estimating the blood alcohol content of subjects and facilitating the identification of persons with a blood alcohol content above the legal limit. Types of Field Sobriety Tests Horizontal Gaze NystagmusHorizontal Gaze Nystagmus Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus - Nystagmus is the involuntary jerking of the eye. It can be an indication of intoxication. However, the occurrence of nystagmus is not dependent upon the presence of an intoxicant in the body. Substances that would not interfere with driving ability can produce nystagmus, and nystagmus may be congenital or caused by structural neurologic disease. Examples of possible manifestations of alcohol impairment emerging during nystagmus test include the inability to keep the head still; noticeable swaying, and the utterance of incriminating statements. Points are not deducted, however, for any of these behaviors. Examples of conditions that may interfere with suspect's performance of the nystagmus test include a suspect having an artificial eye; having damaged or very weak vision in one eye; eye irritants such as wind, dust, and rain; and visual and other distractions which impede the test, such as traffic, blinking lights, rain, etc. Some persons who are not under the influence may exhibit nystagmus. Nystagmus may also be caused by certain pathological disorders such as brain tumors, brain damage and some diseases of the inner ear. Walk and Turn - In this test, the subject assumes a heel-to-toe stance with the subject's arms down at her side. The subject is to maintain this position until the officer tells her to begin walking. At that time, pursuant to the instructions given by the officer during the instruction phase, the subject is to take 9 heel-to-toe steps down a real or imaginary line, turn around and take 9 heel-to-toe steps back up the line. The turn is not a pivot, but instead is made by taking a series of small steps with one foot, keeping the front foot on the line. While walking, the subject is to keep her arms at her side, watch her feet at all times, and count her steps out loud. Examples of conditions that may interfere with suspect's performance of the walk and turn test include wind and weather conditions; the suspect being over the age of sixty; the footwear of the suspect; and highway traffic. One Leg StandOne Leg Stand One Leg Stand - The instructions for this test are given to the subject while the subject stands with her feet together, and arms down at his side until told to start. The instructions which are supposed to be given to the subject (with accompanying demonstration) are for the subject to stand on one leg (either leg), holding out the other foot approximately 6 inches off the ground, foot pointed forward so the raised foot is approximately parallel to the ground. While standing, the subject may be instructed to maintain this position while the officer estimates thirty seconds or the subject may be told to count out loud (one thousand and one, one thousand and two, and so on). Either way, the subject is to keep his arms at his sides at all times and watch the raised foot. Examples of conditions which may impede a suspect's ability to perform this test include a test surface which is not dry and level; the suspect being over the age of sixty; the suspect being at least fifty pounds overweight; footwear which impedes the performance of the test, such as heels; and certain medical problems and disabilities. Non-Standardized Field Sobriety Tests There are other, non-standardized, field sobriety tests which have been approved for use by such organizations as International Association of Chiefs of Police ("I.A.C.P.") in their "Improved Sobriety Testing for Boating/Alcohol Enforcement" Student Manual and the U.S. National Park Service. These tests include, but are not limited to, the finger to nose test, the finger count test, the hand pat test, the alphabet test, the reverse counting test, and the coin pickup test.