Nelson, Brinson, Thigpen & Fryer:
Your
Rights
If you are
arrested by a peace officer of the United States, the law requires
that you be advised of your rights (often called the "Miranda
Rights"). These are:
1. You have the right to
remain silent.
The Court: "At
the outset, if a person in custody is to be subjected to
interrogation, he must first be informed in clear and unequivocal
terms that he has the right to remain silent."
2. Anything you say can be
used against you in a court of law.
The Court: "The
warning of the right to remain silent must be accompanied by the
explanation that anything said can and will be used against the
individual in court."
3. You have the right to
have an attorney present now and during any future questioning.
The Court:
"...the right to have counsel present at the interrogation is
indispensable to the protection of the Fifth Amendment privilege
under the system we delineate today. ... [Accordingly] we hold
that an individual held for interrogation must be clearly informed
that he has the right to consult with a lawyer and to have the
lawyer with him during interrogation under the system for
protecting the privilege we delineate today."
4. If you cannot afford an
attorney, one will be appointed to you free of charge if you wish.
The Court: "In
order fully to apprise a person interrogated of the extent of his
rights under this system then, it is necessary to warn him not
only that he has the right to consult with an attorney, but also
that if he is indigent a lawyer will be appointed to represent
him. Without this additional warning, the admonition of the right
to consult with counsel would often be understood as meaning only
that he can consult with a lawyer if he has one or has the funds
to obtain one.
The Court continues by
declaring what the police must do if the person being interrogated
indicates that he or she does want a lawyer...
"If the individual
states that he wants an attorney, the interrogation must cease
until an attorney is present. At that time, the individual must
have an opportunity to confer with the attorney and to have him
present during any subsequent questioning. If the individual
cannot obtain an attorney and he indicates that he wants one
before speaking to police, they must respect his decision to
remain silent."
But -- You can be arrested
without being read your Miranda Rights
The Miranda rights do not
protect you from being arrested, only from incriminating yourself
during questioning. All police need to legally arrest a person is
"probable cause" -- an adequate reason based on facts and
events to believe the person has committed a crime.
Police are required to
"Read him his (Miranda) rights," only before interrogating
a suspect. While failure to do so may cause any subsequent
statements to be thrown out of court, the arrest may still be legal
and valid.
Also without reading the
Miranda rights, police are allowed to ask routine questions like
name, address, date of birth, and Social Security number necessary
to establishing a person's identity. Police can also administer
alcohol and drug tests without warning, but persons being tested may
refuse to answer questions during the tests.